Challenge of the Youth Bulge in Africa and the Middle East

The Challenge of Youth Bulge in Africa and the Middle East NSD-S HUB & PCNS Joint Project

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CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.........................................................................................................................3

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................5

Data ..................................................................................................................................................5

MIGRATION..........................................................................................................................................6

Push and Pull Factors .......................................................................................................................6

Economic factors: income and unemployment ............................................................................ 8

Social factors: multidimensional poverty, inequality and weak institutions.............................. 11

Obstacles to effective intra-African skills mobility ........................................................................11

BRAIN GAIN vs BRAIN DRAIN.............................................................................................................12

Gains...............................................................................................................................................12

Losses .............................................................................................................................................15

CONCLUSIONS....................................................................................................................................16

REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................................17

ANNEX I ..............................................................................................................................................18